Merge pull request #48 from HideyoshiNakazone/feature/explicit-exception-type

feat: more pythonic error parent class

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ jobs:
           uv run poe tests
           uv run poe tests-report
 
+      - name: Static type check
+        run: uv run poe type-check
+
       - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov
         uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
         with:

docs/source/jambo.exceptions.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+jambo.exceptions package
+========================
+
+Submodules
+----------
+
+jambo.exceptions.internal\_assertion\_exception module
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+.. automodule:: jambo.exceptions.internal_assertion_exception
+   :members:
+   :show-inheritance:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+jambo.exceptions.invalid\_schema\_exception module
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+.. automodule:: jambo.exceptions.invalid_schema_exception
+   :members:
+   :show-inheritance:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+jambo.exceptions.unsupported\_schema\_exception module
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+.. automodule:: jambo.exceptions.unsupported_schema_exception
+   :members:
+   :show-inheritance:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+Module contents
+---------------
+
+.. automodule:: jambo.exceptions
+   :members:
+   :show-inheritance:
+   :undoc-members:

docs/source/jambo.parser.rst

@@ -36,6 +36,22 @@ jambo.parser.boolean\_type\_parser module
    :show-inheritance:
    :undoc-members:
 
+jambo.parser.const\_type\_parser module
+---------------------------------------
+
+.. automodule:: jambo.parser.const_type_parser
+   :members:
+   :show-inheritance:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+jambo.parser.enum\_type\_parser module
+--------------------------------------
+
+.. automodule:: jambo.parser.enum_type_parser
+   :members:
+   :show-inheritance:
+   :undoc-members:
+
 jambo.parser.float\_type\_parser module
 ---------------------------------------
 
@@ -52,6 +68,14 @@ jambo.parser.int\_type\_parser module
    :show-inheritance:
    :undoc-members:
 
+jambo.parser.null\_type\_parser module
+--------------------------------------
+
+.. automodule:: jambo.parser.null_type_parser
+   :members:
+   :show-inheritance:
+   :undoc-members:
+
 jambo.parser.object\_type\_parser module
 ----------------------------------------
 
@@ -60,6 +84,14 @@ jambo.parser.object\_type\_parser module
    :show-inheritance:
    :undoc-members:
 
+jambo.parser.oneof\_type\_parser module
+---------------------------------------
+
+.. automodule:: jambo.parser.oneof_type_parser
+   :members:
+   :show-inheritance:
+   :undoc-members:
+
 jambo.parser.ref\_type\_parser module
 -------------------------------------
 

docs/source/jambo.rst

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Subpackages
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 4
 
+   jambo.exceptions
    jambo.parser
    jambo.types
 

jambo/exceptions/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from .internal_assertion_exception import InternalAssertionException
+from .invalid_schema_exception import InvalidSchemaException
+from .unsupported_schema_exception import UnsupportedSchemaException
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "InternalAssertionException",
+    "InvalidSchemaException",
+    "UnsupportedSchemaException",
+]

jambo/exceptions/internal_assertion_exception.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+class InternalAssertionException(RuntimeError):
+    """Exception raised for internal assertions."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Normalize message by stripping redundant prefix if present
+        message = message.removeprefix("Internal Assertion Failed: ")
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"Internal Assertion Failed: {super().__str__()}\n"
+            "This is likely a bug in Jambo. Please report it at"
+        )

jambo/exceptions/invalid_schema_exception.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from typing_extensions import Optional
+
+
+class InvalidSchemaException(ValueError):
+    """Exception raised for invalid JSON schemas."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        invalid_field: Optional[str] = None,
+        cause: Optional[BaseException] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Normalize message by stripping redundant prefix if present
+        message = message.removeprefix("Invalid JSON Schema: ")
+        self.invalid_field = invalid_field
+        self.cause = cause
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        base_msg = f"Invalid JSON Schema: {super().__str__()}"
+        if self.invalid_field:
+            return f"{base_msg} (invalid field: {self.invalid_field})"
+        if self.cause:
+            return (
+                f"{base_msg} (caused by {self.cause.__class__.__name__}: {self.cause})"
+            )
+        return base_msg

jambo/exceptions/unsupported_schema_exception.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from typing_extensions import Optional
+
+
+class UnsupportedSchemaException(ValueError):
+    """Exception raised for unsupported JSON schemas."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        unsupported_field: Optional[str] = None,
+        cause: Optional[BaseException] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Normalize message by stripping redundant prefix if present
+        message = message.removeprefix("Unsupported JSON Schema: ")
+        self.unsupported_field = unsupported_field
+        self.cause = cause
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        base_msg = f"Unsupported JSON Schema: {super().__str__()}"
+        if self.unsupported_field:
+            return f"{base_msg} (unsupported field: {self.unsupported_field})"
+        return base_msg

jambo/parser/__init__.py

@@ -29,4 +29,4 @@ __all__ = [
     "OneOfTypeParser",
     "StringTypeParser",
     "RefTypeParser",
-]
+]

jambo/parser/_type_parser.py

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-from jambo.types.type_parser_options import TypeParserOptions
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
+from jambo.types.type_parser_options import JSONSchema, TypeParserOptions
 
 from pydantic import Field, TypeAdapter
-from typing_extensions import Annotated, Any, Generic, Self, TypeVar, Unpack
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Any, ClassVar, Generic, Self, TypeVar, Unpack
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 
 
-T = TypeVar("T")
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=type)
 
 
 class GenericTypeParser(ABC, Generic[T]):
-    json_schema_type: str = None
+    json_schema_type: ClassVar[str]
 
     type_mappings: dict[str, str] = {}
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ class GenericTypeParser(ABC, Generic[T]):
 
     @abstractmethod
     def from_properties_impl(
-        self, name: str, properties: dict[str, Any], **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
+        self, name: str, properties: JSONSchema, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
     ) -> tuple[T, dict]:
         """
         Abstract method to convert properties to a type and its fields properties.
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ class GenericTypeParser(ABC, Generic[T]):
         """
 
     def from_properties(
-        self, name: str, properties: dict[str, Any], **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
+        self, name: str, properties: JSONSchema, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
     ) -> tuple[T, dict]:
         """
         Converts properties to a type and its fields properties.
@@ -46,15 +47,15 @@ class GenericTypeParser(ABC, Generic[T]):
         )
 
         if not self._validate_default(parsed_type, parsed_properties):
-            raise ValueError(
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
-                f"Default value {properties.get('default')} is not valid for type {parsed_type.__name__}"
+                "Default value is not valid", invalid_field=name
             )
 
         return parsed_type, parsed_properties
 
     @classmethod
     def type_from_properties(
-        cls, name: str, properties: dict[str, Any], **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
+        cls, name: str, properties: JSONSchema, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
     ) -> tuple[type, dict]:
         """
         Factory method to fetch the appropriate type parser based on properties
@@ -69,17 +70,19 @@ class GenericTypeParser(ABC, Generic[T]):
         return parser().from_properties(name=name, properties=properties, **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_impl(cls, properties: dict[str, Any]) -> type[Self]:
+    def _get_impl(cls, properties: JSONSchema) -> type[Self]:
         for subcls in cls.__subclasses__():
             schema_type, schema_value = subcls._get_schema_type()
 
             if schema_type not in properties:
                 continue
 
-            if schema_value is None or schema_value == properties[schema_type]:
+            if schema_value is None or schema_value == properties[schema_type]:  # type: ignore
                 return subcls
 
-        raise ValueError("Unknown type")
+        raise InvalidSchemaException(
+            "No suitable type parser found", invalid_field=str(properties)
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def _get_schema_type(cls) -> tuple[str, str | None]:
@@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ class GenericTypeParser(ABC, Generic[T]):
         }
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _validate_default(field_type: type, field_prop: dict) -> bool:
+    def _validate_default(field_type: T, field_prop: dict) -> bool:
         value = field_prop.get("default")
 
         if value is None and field_prop.get("default_factory") is not None:
@@ -118,7 +121,7 @@ class GenericTypeParser(ABC, Generic[T]):
             return True
 
         try:
-            field = Annotated[field_type, Field(**field_prop)]
+            field = Annotated[field_type, Field(**field_prop)]  # type: ignore
             TypeAdapter(field).validate_python(value)
         except Exception as _:
             return False

jambo/parser/allof_type_parser.py

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser._type_parser import GenericTypeParser
+from jambo.types.json_schema_type import JSONSchema
 from jambo.types.type_parser_options import TypeParserOptions
 
-from typing_extensions import Any, Unpack
+from typing_extensions import Unpack
 
 
 class AllOfTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
@@ -10,7 +12,7 @@ class AllOfTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
     json_schema_type = "allOf"
 
     def from_properties_impl(
-        self, name, properties, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
+        self, name: str, properties: JSONSchema, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
     ):
         sub_properties = properties.get("allOf", [])
 
@@ -29,32 +31,39 @@ class AllOfTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _get_type_parser(
-        sub_properties: list[dict[str, Any]],
+        sub_properties: list[JSONSchema],
     ) -> type[GenericTypeParser]:
         if not sub_properties:
-            raise ValueError("Invalid JSON Schema: 'allOf' is empty.")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                "'allOf' must contain at least one schema", invalid_field="allOf"
+            )
 
-        parsers = set(
+        parsers: set[type[GenericTypeParser]] = set(
             GenericTypeParser._get_impl(sub_property) for sub_property in sub_properties
         )
         if len(parsers) != 1:
-            raise ValueError("Invalid JSON Schema: allOf types do not match.")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                "All sub-schemas in 'allOf' must resolve to the same type",
+                invalid_field="allOf",
+            )
 
         return parsers.pop()
 
     @staticmethod
     def _rebuild_properties_from_subproperties(
-        sub_properties: list[dict[str, Any]],
+        sub_properties: list[JSONSchema],
-    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    ) -> JSONSchema:
-        properties = {}
+        properties: JSONSchema = {}
         for subProperty in sub_properties:
             for name, prop in subProperty.items():
                 if name not in properties:
-                    properties[name] = prop
+                    properties[name] = prop  # type: ignore
                 else:
                     # Merge properties if they exist in both sub-properties
-                    properties[name] = AllOfTypeParser._validate_prop(
+                    properties[name] = AllOfTypeParser._validate_prop(  # type: ignore
-                        name, properties[name], prop
+                        name,
+                        properties[name],  # type: ignore
+                        prop,
                     )
         return properties
 
@@ -65,8 +74,8 @@ class AllOfTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
 
         if prop_name == "default":
             if old_value != new_value:
-                raise ValueError(
+                raise InvalidSchemaException(
-                    f"Invalid JSON Schema: conflicting defaults for '{prop_name}'"
+                    f"Conflicting defaults for '{prop_name}'", invalid_field=prop_name
                 )
             return old_value
 

jambo/parser/anyof_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser._type_parser import GenericTypeParser
 from jambo.types.type_parser_options import TypeParserOptions
 
@@ -14,10 +15,15 @@ class AnyOfTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
         self, name, properties, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
     ):
         if "anyOf" not in properties:
-            raise ValueError(f"Invalid JSON Schema: {properties}")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                f"AnyOf type {name} must have 'anyOf' property defined.",
+                invalid_field="anyOf",
+            )
 
         if not isinstance(properties["anyOf"], list):
-            raise ValueError(f"Invalid JSON Schema: {properties['anyOf']}")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                "AnyOf must be a list of types.", invalid_field="anyOf"
+            )
 
         mapped_properties = self.mappings_properties_builder(properties, **kwargs)
 

jambo/parser/array_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser._type_parser import GenericTypeParser
 from jambo.types.type_parser_options import TypeParserOptions
 
@@ -26,8 +27,15 @@ class ArrayTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
     ):
         item_properties = kwargs.copy()
         item_properties["required"] = True
+
+        if (items := properties.get("items")) is None:
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                f"Array type {name} must have 'items' property defined.",
+                invalid_field="items",
+            )
+
         _item_type, _item_args = GenericTypeParser.type_from_properties(
-            name, properties["items"], **item_properties
+            name, items, **item_properties
         )
 
         wrapper_type = set if properties.get("uniqueItems", False) else list
@@ -47,8 +55,9 @@ class ArrayTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
             return lambda: None
 
         if not isinstance(default_list, Iterable):
-            raise ValueError(
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
-                f"Default value for array must be an iterable, got {type(default_list)}"
+                f"Default value for array must be an iterable, got {type(default_list)}",
+                invalid_field="default",
             )
 
         return lambda: copy.deepcopy(wrapper_type(default_list))

jambo/parser/boolean_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser._type_parser import GenericTypeParser
 from jambo.types.type_parser_options import TypeParserOptions
 
@@ -20,6 +21,9 @@ class BooleanTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
 
         default_value = properties.get("default")
         if default_value is not None and not isinstance(default_value, bool):
-            raise ValueError(f"Default value for {name} must be a boolean.")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                f"Default value for {name} must be a boolean.",
+                invalid_field="default",
+            )
 
         return bool, mapped_properties

jambo/parser/const_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser._type_parser import GenericTypeParser
 from jambo.types.json_schema_type import JSONSchemaNativeTypes
 from jambo.types.type_parser_options import TypeParserOptions
@@ -18,13 +19,17 @@ class ConstTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
         self, name, properties, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
     ):
         if "const" not in properties:
-            raise ValueError(f"Const type {name} must have 'const' property defined.")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                f"Const type {name} must have 'const' property defined.",
+                invalid_field="const",
+            )
 
         const_value = properties["const"]
 
         if not isinstance(const_value, JSONSchemaNativeTypes):
-            raise ValueError(
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
-                f"Const type {name} must have 'const' value of allowed types: {JSONSchemaNativeTypes}."
+                f"Const type {name} must have 'const' value of allowed types: {JSONSchemaNativeTypes}.",
+                invalid_field="const",
             )
 
         const_type = self._build_const_type(const_value)
@@ -48,4 +53,4 @@ class ConstTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
                     )
                 return value
 
-            return Annotated[type(const_value), AfterValidator(_validate_const_value)]
+            return Annotated[type(const_value), AfterValidator(_validate_const_value)]

jambo/parser/enum_type_parser.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser._type_parser import GenericTypeParser
 from jambo.types.json_schema_type import JSONSchemaNativeTypes
-from jambo.types.type_parser_options import TypeParserOptions
+from jambo.types.type_parser_options import JSONSchema, TypeParserOptions
 
 from typing_extensions import Unpack
 
@@ -11,30 +12,33 @@ class EnumTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
     json_schema_type = "enum"
 
     def from_properties_impl(
-        self, name, properties, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
+        self, name: str, properties: JSONSchema, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
     ):
         if "enum" not in properties:
-            raise ValueError(f"Enum type {name} must have 'enum' property defined.")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                f"Enum type {name} must have 'enum' property defined.",
+                invalid_field="enum",
+            )
 
         enum_values = properties["enum"]
 
         if not isinstance(enum_values, list):
-            raise ValueError(f"Enum type {name} must have 'enum' as a list of values.")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                f"Enum type {name} must have 'enum' as a list of values.",
+                invalid_field="enum",
+            )
 
-        if any(
+        if any(not isinstance(value, JSONSchemaNativeTypes) for value in enum_values):
-            not isinstance(value, JSONSchemaNativeTypes) for value in enum_values
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
-        ):
+                f"Enum type {name} must have 'enum' values of allowed types: {JSONSchemaNativeTypes}.",
-            raise ValueError(
+                invalid_field="enum",
-                f"Enum type {name} must have 'enum' values of allowed types: {JSONSchemaNativeTypes}."
             )
 
         # Create a new Enum type dynamically
-        enum_type = Enum(name, {str(value).upper(): value for value in enum_values})
+        enum_type = Enum(name, {str(value).upper(): value for value in enum_values})  # type: ignore
         parsed_properties = self.mappings_properties_builder(properties, **kwargs)
 
-        if (
+        if "default" in parsed_properties and parsed_properties["default"] is not None:
-            "default" in parsed_properties and parsed_properties["default"] is not None
-        ):            
             parsed_properties["default"] = enum_type(parsed_properties["default"])
 
         return enum_type, parsed_properties

jambo/parser/object_type_parser.py

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 from jambo.parser._type_parser import GenericTypeParser
+from jambo.types.json_schema_type import JSONSchema
 from jambo.types.type_parser_options import TypeParserOptions
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, create_model
-from typing_extensions import Any, Unpack
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+from typing_extensions import Unpack
 
 
 class ObjectTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ class ObjectTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
     json_schema_type = "type:object"
 
     def from_properties_impl(
-        self, name: str, properties: dict[str, Any], **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
+        self, name: str, properties: JSONSchema, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
     ) -> tuple[type[BaseModel], dict]:
         type_parsing = self.to_model(
             name,
@@ -32,29 +34,29 @@ class ObjectTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
     def to_model(
         cls,
         name: str,
-        schema: dict[str, Any],
+        properties: dict[str, JSONSchema],
         required_keys: list[str],
         **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions],
     ) -> type[BaseModel]:
         """
         Converts JSON Schema object properties to a Pydantic model.
         :param name: The name of the model.
-        :param schema: The properties of the JSON Schema object.
+        :param properties: The properties of the JSON Schema object.
         :param required_keys: List of required keys in the schema.
         :return: A Pydantic model class.
         """
         model_config = ConfigDict(validate_assignment=True)
-        fields = cls._parse_properties(schema, required_keys, **kwargs)
+        fields = cls._parse_properties(properties, required_keys, **kwargs)
 
-        return create_model(name, __config__=model_config, **fields)
+        return create_model(name, __config__=model_config, **fields)  # type: ignore
 
     @classmethod
     def _parse_properties(
         cls,
-        properties: dict[str, Any],
+        properties: dict[str, JSONSchema],
         required_keys: list[str],
         **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions],
-    ) -> dict[str, tuple[type, Field]]:
+    ) -> dict[str, tuple[type, FieldInfo]]:
         required_keys = required_keys or []
 
         fields = {}
@@ -63,7 +65,9 @@ class ObjectTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
             sub_property["required"] = name in required_keys
 
             parsed_type, parsed_properties = GenericTypeParser.type_from_properties(
-                name, prop, **sub_property
+                name,
+                prop,
+                **sub_property,  # type: ignore
             )
             fields[name] = (parsed_type, Field(**parsed_properties))
 

jambo/parser/oneof_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser._type_parser import GenericTypeParser
 from jambo.types.type_parser_options import TypeParserOptions
 
@@ -5,6 +6,9 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, BeforeValidator, Field, TypeAdapter, ValidationE
 from typing_extensions import Annotated, Any, Union, Unpack, get_args
 
 
+Annotation = Annotated[Any, ...]
+
+
 class OneOfTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
     mapped_type = Union
 
@@ -14,10 +18,14 @@ class OneOfTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
         self, name, properties, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
     ):
         if "oneOf" not in properties:
-            raise ValueError(f"Invalid JSON Schema: {properties}")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                f"Invalid JSON Schema: {properties}", invalid_field="oneOf"
+            )
 
         if not isinstance(properties["oneOf"], list) or len(properties["oneOf"]) == 0:
-            raise ValueError(f"Invalid JSON Schema: {properties['oneOf']}")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                f"Invalid JSON Schema: {properties['oneOf']}", invalid_field="oneOf"
+            )
 
         mapped_properties = self.mappings_properties_builder(properties, **kwargs)
 
@@ -49,13 +57,15 @@ class OneOfTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _build_type_one_of_with_discriminator(
-        subfield_types: list[Annotated], discriminator_prop: dict
+        subfield_types: list[Annotation], discriminator_prop: dict
-    ) -> Annotated:
+    ) -> Annotation:
         """
         Build a type with a discriminator.
         """
         if not isinstance(discriminator_prop, dict):
-            raise ValueError("Discriminator must be a dictionary")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                "Discriminator must be a dictionary", invalid_field="discriminator"
+            )
 
         for field in subfield_types:
             field_type, field_info = get_args(field)
@@ -63,18 +73,22 @@ class OneOfTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
             if issubclass(field_type, BaseModel):
                 continue
 
-            raise ValueError(
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
-                "When using a discriminator, all subfield types must be of type 'object'."
+                "When using a discriminator, all subfield types must be of type 'object'.",
+                invalid_field="discriminator",
             )
 
         property_name = discriminator_prop.get("propertyName")
         if property_name is None or not isinstance(property_name, str):
-            raise ValueError("Discriminator must have a 'propertyName' key")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                "Discriminator must have a 'propertyName' key",
+                invalid_field="propertyName",
+            )
 
         return Annotated[Union[(*subfield_types,)], Field(discriminator=property_name)]
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _build_type_one_of_with_func(subfield_types: list[Annotated]) -> Annotated:
+    def _build_type_one_of_with_func(subfield_types: list[Annotation]) -> Annotation:
         """
         Build a type with a validation function for the oneOf constraint.
         """

jambo/parser/ref_type_parser.py

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InternalAssertionException, InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser import GenericTypeParser
+from jambo.types.json_schema_type import JSONSchema
 from jambo.types.type_parser_options import TypeParserOptions
 
-from typing_extensions import Any, ForwardRef, Literal, TypeVar, Union, Unpack
+from typing_extensions import ForwardRef, Literal, Union, Unpack
 
 
-RefType = TypeVar("RefType", bound=Union[type, ForwardRef])
+RefType = Union[type, ForwardRef]
 
 RefStrategy = Literal["forward_ref", "def_ref"]
 
@@ -13,21 +15,22 @@ class RefTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
     json_schema_type = "$ref"
 
     def from_properties_impl(
-        self, name: str, properties: dict[str, Any], **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
+        self, name: str, properties: JSONSchema, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
     ) -> tuple[RefType, dict]:
         if "$ref" not in properties:
-            raise ValueError(f"RefTypeParser: Missing $ref in properties for {name}")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                f"Missing $ref in properties for {name}", invalid_field="$ref"
+            )
 
-        context = kwargs.get("context")
+        if kwargs.get("context") is None:
-        if context is None:
+            raise InternalAssertionException(
-            raise RuntimeError(
+                "`context` must be provided in kwargs for RefTypeParser"
-                f"RefTypeParser: Missing `content` in properties for {name}"
             )
 
         ref_cache = kwargs.get("ref_cache")
         if ref_cache is None:
-            raise RuntimeError(
+            raise InternalAssertionException(
-                f"RefTypeParser: Missing `ref_cache` in properties for {name}"
+                "`ref_cache` must be provided in kwargs for RefTypeParser"
             )
 
         mapped_properties = self.mappings_properties_builder(properties, **kwargs)
@@ -41,19 +44,19 @@ class RefTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
             # If the reference is either processing or already cached
             return ref_state, mapped_properties
 
-        ref_cache[ref_name] = self._parse_from_strategy(
+        ref = self._parse_from_strategy(ref_strategy, ref_name, ref_property, **kwargs)
-            ref_strategy, ref_name, ref_property, **kwargs
+        ref_cache[ref_name] = ref
-        )
 
-        return ref_cache[ref_name], mapped_properties
+        return ref, mapped_properties
 
     def _parse_from_strategy(
         self,
         ref_strategy: RefStrategy,
         ref_name: str,
-        ref_property: dict[str, Any],
+        ref_property: JSONSchema,
         **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions],
-    ):
+    ) -> RefType:
+        mapped_type: RefType
         match ref_strategy:
             case "forward_ref":
                 mapped_type = ForwardRef(ref_name)
@@ -62,14 +65,14 @@ class RefTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
                     ref_name, ref_property, **kwargs
                 )
             case _:
-                raise ValueError(
+                raise InvalidSchemaException(
-                    f"RefTypeParser: Unsupported $ref {ref_property['$ref']}"
+                    f"Unsupported $ref {ref_property['$ref']}", invalid_field="$ref"
                 )
 
         return mapped_type
 
     def _get_ref_from_cache(
-        self, ref_name: str, ref_cache: dict[str, type]
+        self, ref_name: str, ref_cache: dict[str, ForwardRef | type | None]
     ) -> RefType | type | None:
         try:
             ref_state = ref_cache[ref_name]
@@ -84,42 +87,48 @@ class RefTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
             # If the reference is not in the cache, we will set it to None
             ref_cache[ref_name] = None
 
+        return None
+
     def _examine_ref_strategy(
-        self, name: str, properties: dict[str, Any], **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
+        self, name: str, properties: JSONSchema, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
-    ) -> tuple[RefStrategy, str, dict] | None:
+    ) -> tuple[RefStrategy, str, JSONSchema]:
-        if properties["$ref"] == "#":
+        if properties.get("$ref") == "#":
             ref_name = kwargs["context"].get("title")
             if ref_name is None:
-                raise ValueError(
+                raise InvalidSchemaException(
-                    "RefTypeParser: Missing title in properties for $ref of Root Reference"
+                    "Missing title in properties for $ref of Root Reference",
+                    invalid_field="title",
                 )
             return "forward_ref", ref_name, {}
 
-        if properties["$ref"].startswith("#/$defs/"):
+        if properties.get("$ref", "").startswith("#/$defs/"):
             target_name, target_property = self._extract_target_ref(
                 name, properties, **kwargs
             )
             return "def_ref", target_name, target_property
 
-        raise ValueError(
+        raise InvalidSchemaException(
-            "RefTypeParser: Only Root and $defs references are supported at the moment"
+            "Only Root and $defs references are supported at the moment",
+            invalid_field="$ref",
         )
 
     def _extract_target_ref(
-        self, name: str, properties: dict[str, Any], **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
+        self, name: str, properties: JSONSchema, **kwargs: Unpack[TypeParserOptions]
-    ) -> tuple[str, dict]:
+    ) -> tuple[str, JSONSchema]:
         target_name = None
         target_property = kwargs["context"]
         for prop_name in properties["$ref"].split("/")[1:]:
             if prop_name not in target_property:
-                raise ValueError(
+                raise InvalidSchemaException(
-                    f"RefTypeParser: Missing {prop_name} in"
+                    f"Missing {prop_name} in properties for $ref {properties['$ref']}",
-                    " properties for $ref {properties['$ref']}"
+                    invalid_field=prop_name,
                 )
             target_name = prop_name
-            target_property = target_property[prop_name]
+            target_property = target_property[prop_name]  # type: ignore
 
-        if target_name is None or target_property is None:
+        if not isinstance(target_name, str) or target_property is None:
-            raise ValueError(f"RefTypeParser: Invalid $ref {properties['$ref']}")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                f"Invalid $ref {properties['$ref']}", invalid_field="$ref"
+            )
 
         return target_name, target_property

jambo/parser/string_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser._type_parser import GenericTypeParser
 from jambo.types.type_parser_options import TypeParserOptions
 
@@ -22,19 +23,19 @@ class StringTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
     }
 
     format_type_mapping = {
-        # 7.3.1. Dates, Times, and Duration
+        # [7.3.1](https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/draft-bhutton-json-schema-validation-00#rfc.section.7.3.1). Dates, Times, and Duration
         "date": date,
         "time": time,
         "date-time": datetime,
         "duration": timedelta,
-        # 7.3.2. Email Addresses
+        # [7.3.2](https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/draft-bhutton-json-schema-validation-00#rfc.section.7.3.2). Email Addresses
         "email": EmailStr,
-        # 7.3.3. Hostnames
+        # [7.3.3](https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/draft-bhutton-json-schema-validation-00#rfc.section.7.3.3). Hostnames
         "hostname": str,
-        # 7.3.4. IP Addresses
+        # [7.3.4](https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/draft-bhutton-json-schema-validation-00#rfc.section.7.3.4). IP Addresses
         "ipv4": IPv4Address,
         "ipv6": IPv6Address,
-        # 7.3.5. Resource Identifiers
+        # [7.3.5](https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/draft-bhutton-json-schema-validation-00#rfc.section.7.3.5). Resource Identifiers
         "uri": AnyUrl,
         # "iri" # Not supported by pydantic and currently not supported by jambo
         "uuid": UUID,
@@ -54,7 +55,9 @@ class StringTypeParser(GenericTypeParser):
             return str, mapped_properties
 
         if format_type not in self.format_type_mapping:
-            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported string format: {format_type}")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                f"Unsupported string format: {format_type}", invalid_field="format"
+            )
 
         mapped_type = self.format_type_mapping[format_type]
         if format_type in self.format_pattern_mapping:

jambo/schema_converter.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException, UnsupportedSchemaException
 from jambo.parser import ObjectTypeParser, RefTypeParser
-from jambo.types.json_schema_type import JSONSchema
+from jambo.types import JSONSchema
 
 from jsonschema.exceptions import SchemaError
 from jsonschema.validators import validator_for
@@ -25,12 +26,16 @@ class SchemaConverter:
 
         try:
             validator = validator_for(schema)
-            validator.check_schema(schema)
+            validator.check_schema(schema)  # type: ignore
-        except SchemaError as e:
+        except SchemaError as err:
-            raise ValueError(f"Invalid JSON Schema: {e}")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                "Validation of JSON Schema failed.", cause=err
+            ) from err
 
         if "title" not in schema:
-            raise ValueError("JSON Schema must have a title.")
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(
+                "Schema must have a title.", invalid_field="title"
+            )
 
         schema_type = SchemaConverter._get_schema_type(schema)
 
@@ -38,10 +43,11 @@ class SchemaConverter:
             case "object":
                 return ObjectTypeParser.to_model(
                     schema["title"],
-                    schema["properties"],
+                    schema.get("properties", {}),
                     schema.get("required", []),
                     context=schema,
                     ref_cache=dict(),
+                    required=True,
                 )
 
             case "$ref":
@@ -50,13 +56,20 @@ class SchemaConverter:
                     schema,
                     context=schema,
                     ref_cache=dict(),
+                    required=True,
                 )
                 return parsed_model
             case _:
-                raise TypeError(f"Unsupported schema type: {schema_type}")
+                unsupported_type = (
+                    f"type:{schema_type}" if schema_type else "missing type"
+                )
+                raise UnsupportedSchemaException(
+                    "Only object and $ref schema types are supported.",
+                    unsupported_field=unsupported_type,
+                )
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _get_schema_type(schema: JSONSchema) -> str:
+    def _get_schema_type(schema: JSONSchema) -> str | None:
         """
         Returns the type of the schema.
         :param schema: The JSON Schema to check.
@@ -65,4 +78,4 @@ class SchemaConverter:
         if "$ref" in schema:
             return "$ref"
 
-        return schema.get("type", "undefined")
+        return schema.get("type")

jambo/types/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from .json_schema_type import (
+    JSONSchema,
+    JSONSchemaNativeTypes,
+    JSONSchemaType,
+    JSONType,
+)
+from .type_parser_options import TypeParserOptions
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "JSONSchemaType",
+    "JSONSchemaNativeTypes",
+    "JSONType",
+    "JSONSchema",
+    "TypeParserOptions",
+]

jambo/types/json_schema_type.py

@@ -1,93 +1,80 @@
-from typing_extensions import Dict, List, Literal, TypedDict, Union
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing_extensions import (
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Literal,
+    TypedDict,
+    Union,
+)
 
 from types import NoneType
 
 
+# Primitive JSON types
 JSONSchemaType = Literal[
     "string", "number", "integer", "boolean", "object", "array", "null"
 ]
 
-
 JSONSchemaNativeTypes: tuple[type, ...] = (
-    str, 
+    str,
-    int,
     float,
+    int,
     bool,
     list,
     set,
     NoneType,
 )
 
-
 JSONType = Union[str, int, float, bool, None, Dict[str, "JSONType"], List["JSONType"]]
 
-
+# Dynamically define TypedDict with JSON Schema keywords
-class JSONSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+JSONSchema = TypedDict(
-    # Basic metadata
+    "JSONSchema",
-    title: str
+    {
-    description: str
+        "$id": str,
-    default: JSONType
+        "$schema": str,
-    examples: List[JSONType]
+        "$ref": str,
-
+        "$anchor": str,
-    # Type definitions
+        "$comment": str,
-    type: Union[JSONSchemaType, List[JSONSchemaType]]
+        "$defs": Dict[str, "JSONSchema"],
-
+        "title": str,
-    # Object-specific keywords
+        "description": str,
-    properties: Dict[str, "JSONSchema"]
+        "default": JSONType,
-    required: List[str]
+        "examples": List[JSONType],
-    additionalProperties: Union[bool, "JSONSchema"]
+        "type": JSONSchemaType,
-    minProperties: int
+        "enum": List[JSONType],
-    maxProperties: int
+        "const": JSONType,
-    patternProperties: Dict[str, "JSONSchema"]
+        "properties": Dict[str, "JSONSchema"],
-    dependencies: Dict[str, Union[List[str], "JSONSchema"]]
+        "patternProperties": Dict[str, "JSONSchema"],
-
+        "additionalProperties": Union[bool, "JSONSchema"],
-    # Array-specific keywords
+        "required": List[str],
-    items: Union["JSONSchema", List["JSONSchema"]]
+        "minProperties": int,
-    additionalItems: Union[bool, "JSONSchema"]
+        "maxProperties": int,
-    minItems: int
+        "dependencies": Dict[str, Union[List[str], "JSONSchema"]],
-    maxItems: int
+        "items": "JSONSchema",
-    uniqueItems: bool
+        "prefixItems": List["JSONSchema"],
-
+        "additionalItems": Union[bool, "JSONSchema"],
-    # String-specific keywords
+        "contains": "JSONSchema",
-    minLength: int
+        "minItems": int,
-    maxLength: int
+        "maxItems": int,
-    pattern: str
+        "uniqueItems": bool,
-    format: str
+        "minLength": int,
-
+        "maxLength": int,
-    # Number-specific keywords
+        "pattern": str,
-    minimum: float
+        "format": str,
-    maximum: float
+        "minimum": float,
-    exclusiveMinimum: float
+        "maximum": float,
-    exclusiveMaximum: float
+        "exclusiveMinimum": Union[bool, float],
-    multipleOf: float
+        "exclusiveMaximum": Union[bool, float],
-
+        "multipleOf": float,
-    # Enum and const
+        "if": "JSONSchema",
-    enum: List[JSONType]
+        "then": "JSONSchema",
-    const: JSONType
+        "else": "JSONSchema",
-
+        "allOf": List["JSONSchema"],
-    # Conditionals
+        "anyOf": List["JSONSchema"],
-    if_: "JSONSchema"  # 'if' is a reserved word in Python
+        "oneOf": List["JSONSchema"],
-    then: "JSONSchema"
+        "not": "JSONSchema",
-    else_: "JSONSchema"  # 'else' is also a reserved word
+    },
-
+    total=False,  # all fields optional
-    # Combination keywords
+)
-    allOf: List["JSONSchema"]
-    anyOf: List["JSONSchema"]
-    oneOf: List["JSONSchema"]
-    not_: "JSONSchema"  # 'not' is a reserved word
-
-
-# Fix forward references
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["properties"] = Dict[str, JSONSchema]
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["items"] = Union[JSONSchema, List[JSONSchema]]
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["additionalItems"] = Union[bool, JSONSchema]
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["additionalProperties"] = Union[bool, JSONSchema]
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["patternProperties"] = Dict[str, JSONSchema]
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["dependencies"] = Dict[str, Union[List[str], JSONSchema]]
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["if_"] = JSONSchema
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["then"] = JSONSchema
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["else_"] = JSONSchema
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["allOf"] = List[JSONSchema]
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["anyOf"] = List[JSONSchema]
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["oneOf"] = List[JSONSchema]
-JSONSchema.__annotations__["not_"] = JSONSchema

jambo/types/type_parser_options.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from jambo.types.json_schema_type import JSONSchema
 
-from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+from typing_extensions import ForwardRef, TypedDict
 
 
 class TypeParserOptions(TypedDict):
     required: bool
     context: JSONSchema
-    ref_cache: dict[str, type]
+    ref_cache: dict[str, ForwardRef | type | None]

pyproject.toml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ classifiers = [
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
 ]
-license = { file = "LICENSE" }
+license = "MIT"
 readme = "README.md"
 
 # Project Dependencies
@@ -31,12 +31,14 @@ dependencies = [
 [dependency-groups]
 dev = [
     "coverage>=7.8.0",
+    "mypy>=1.18.1",
     "poethepoet>=0.33.1",
     "pre-commit>=4.2.0",
     "ruff>=0.11.4",
     "sphinx>=8.1.3",
     "sphinx-autobuild>=2024.10.3",
     "sphinx-rtd-theme>=3.0.2",
+    "types-jsonschema>=4.25.1.20250822",
 ]
 
 
@@ -50,7 +52,8 @@ repository = "https://github.com/HideyoshiNakazone/jambo.git"
 create-hooks        = "bash .githooks/set-hooks.sh"
 tests               = "python -m coverage run -m unittest discover -v"
 tests-report        = "python -m coverage xml"
-serve-docs         = "sphinx-autobuild docs/source docs/build"
+type-check          = "mypy jambo"
+serve-docs          = "sphinx-autobuild docs/source docs/build"
 
 # Build System
 [tool.hatch.version]

tests/exceptions/test_internal_assertion_exception.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from jambo.exceptions.internal_assertion_exception import InternalAssertionException
+
+from unittest import TestCase
+
+
+class TestInternalAssertionException(TestCase):
+    def test_inheritance(self):
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(InternalAssertionException, RuntimeError))
+
+    def test_message(self):
+        message = "This is an internal assertion error."
+
+        expected_message = (
+            f"Internal Assertion Failed: {message}\n"
+            "This is likely a bug in Jambo. Please report it at"
+        )
+
+        with self.assertRaises(InternalAssertionException) as ctx:
+            raise InternalAssertionException(message)
+
+        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception), expected_message)

tests/exceptions/test_invalid_schema_exception.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from jambo.exceptions.invalid_schema_exception import InvalidSchemaException
+
+from unittest import TestCase
+
+
+class TestInternalAssertionException(TestCase):
+    def test_inheritance(self):
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(InvalidSchemaException, ValueError))
+
+    def test_message(self):
+        message = "This is an internal assertion error."
+
+        expected_message = f"Invalid JSON Schema: {message}"
+
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException) as ctx:
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(message)
+
+        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception), expected_message)
+
+    def test_invalid_field(self):
+        message = "This is an internal assertion error."
+        invalid_field = "testField"
+
+        expected_message = (
+            f"Invalid JSON Schema: {message} (invalid field: {invalid_field})"
+        )
+
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException) as ctx:
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(message, invalid_field=invalid_field)
+
+        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception), expected_message)
+
+    def test_cause(self):
+        message = "This is an internal assertion error."
+        cause = ValueError("Underlying cause")
+
+        expected_message = (
+            f"Invalid JSON Schema: {message} (caused by ValueError: Underlying cause)"
+        )
+
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException) as ctx:
+            raise InvalidSchemaException(message, cause=cause)
+
+        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception), expected_message)

tests/exceptions/test_unsupported_schema_exception.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from jambo.exceptions.unsupported_schema_exception import UnsupportedSchemaException
+
+from unittest import TestCase
+
+
+class TestUnsupportedSchemaException(TestCase):
+    def test_inheritance(self):
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(UnsupportedSchemaException, ValueError))
+
+    def test_message(self):
+        message = "This is an internal assertion error."
+
+        expected_message = f"Unsupported JSON Schema: {message}"
+
+        with self.assertRaises(UnsupportedSchemaException) as ctx:
+            raise UnsupportedSchemaException(message)
+
+        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception), expected_message)
+
+    def test_unsupported_field(self):
+        message = "This is an internal assertion error."
+        invalid_field = "testField"
+
+        expected_message = (
+            f"Unsupported JSON Schema: {message} (unsupported field: {invalid_field})"
+        )
+
+        with self.assertRaises(UnsupportedSchemaException) as ctx:
+            raise UnsupportedSchemaException(message, unsupported_field=invalid_field)
+
+        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception), expected_message)

tests/parser/test_allof_type_parser.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser.allof_type_parser import AllOfTypeParser
 
+from pydantic import ValidationError
+
 from unittest import TestCase
 
 
@@ -42,13 +45,13 @@ class TestAllOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             "placeholder", properties
         )
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             type_parsing(name="John", age=101)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             type_parsing(name="", age=30)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             type_parsing(name="John Invalid", age=30)
 
         obj = type_parsing(name="John", age=30)
@@ -87,10 +90,10 @@ class TestAllOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             "placeholder", properties
         )
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             type_parsing(name="John")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             type_parsing(age=30)
 
         obj = type_parsing(name="John", age=30)
@@ -154,7 +157,7 @@ class TestAllOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             ]
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             AllOfTypeParser().from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_all_of_invalid_type_not_present(self):
@@ -167,7 +170,7 @@ class TestAllOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             ]
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             AllOfTypeParser().from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_all_of_invalid_type_in_fields(self):
@@ -180,7 +183,7 @@ class TestAllOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             ]
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             AllOfTypeParser().from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_all_of_invalid_type_not_all_equal(self):
@@ -196,7 +199,7 @@ class TestAllOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             ]
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             AllOfTypeParser().from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_all_of_description_field(self):
@@ -304,5 +307,5 @@ class TestAllOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             ],
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             AllOfTypeParser().from_properties("placeholder", properties)

tests/parser/test_anyof_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser.anyof_type_parser import AnyOfTypeParser
 
 from typing_extensions import Annotated, Union, get_args, get_origin
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ class TestAnyOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             ],
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             AnyOfTypeParser().from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_any_of_with_invalid_properties(self):
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ class TestAnyOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             "anyOf": None,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             AnyOfTypeParser().from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_any_of_string_or_int(self):
@@ -95,5 +96,5 @@ class TestAnyOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             "default": 3.14,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             AnyOfTypeParser().from_properties("placeholder", properties)

tests/parser/test_array_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser import ArrayTypeParser
 
 from typing_extensions import get_args
@@ -18,6 +19,17 @@ class TestArrayTypeParser(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(type_parsing.__origin__, list)
         self.assertEqual(element_type, str)
 
+    def test_array_parser_with_no_items(self):
+        parser = ArrayTypeParser()
+
+        properties = {
+            "default": ["a", "b", "c", "d"],
+            "maxItems": 3,
+        }
+
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
+            parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
+
     def test_array_parser_with_options_unique(self):
         parser = ArrayTypeParser()
 
@@ -67,7 +79,7 @@ class TestArrayTypeParser(TestCase):
 
         properties = {"items": {"type": "string"}, "default": ["a", 1, "c"]}
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_array_parser_with_invalid_default_type(self):
@@ -75,15 +87,15 @@ class TestArrayTypeParser(TestCase):
 
         properties = {"items": {"type": "string"}, "default": 000}
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
-            parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
+            parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties=properties)
 
     def test_array_parser_with_invalid_default_min(self):
         parser = ArrayTypeParser()
 
         properties = {"items": {"type": "string"}, "default": ["a"], "minItems": 2}
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_array_parser_with_invalid_default_max(self):
@@ -95,5 +107,5 @@ class TestArrayTypeParser(TestCase):
             "maxItems": 3,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)

tests/parser/test_bool_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser import BooleanTypeParser
 
 from unittest import TestCase
@@ -39,5 +40,5 @@ class TestBoolTypeParser(TestCase):
             "default": "invalid",
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties_impl("placeholder", properties)

tests/parser/test_const_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser import ConstTypeParser
 
 from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal, get_args, get_origin
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ class TestConstTypeParser(TestCase):
         expected_const_value = "United States of America"
         properties = {"notConst": expected_const_value}
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException) as context:
             parser.from_properties_impl("invalid_country", properties)
 
         self.assertIn(
@@ -93,10 +94,10 @@ class TestConstTypeParser(TestCase):
 
         properties = {"const": {}}
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException) as context:
             parser.from_properties_impl("invalid_country", properties)
 
         self.assertIn(
             "Const type invalid_country must have 'const' value of allowed types",
             str(context.exception),
-        )
+        )

tests/parser/test_enum_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser import EnumTypeParser
 
 from enum import Enum
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ class TestEnumTypeParser(TestCase):
 
         schema = {}
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parsed_type, parsed_properties = parser.from_properties_impl(
                 "TestEnum",
                 schema,
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ class TestEnumTypeParser(TestCase):
             "enum": "not_a_list",
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parsed_type, parsed_properties = parser.from_properties_impl(
                 "TestEnum",
                 schema,
@@ -81,10 +82,10 @@ class TestEnumTypeParser(TestCase):
 
     def test_enum_type_parser_throws_invalid_enum_value(self):
         parser = EnumTypeParser()
-        
+
         schema = {
             "enum": ["value1", 42, dict()],
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties_impl("TestEnum", schema)

tests/parser/test_float_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser import FloatTypeParser
 
 from unittest import TestCase
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ class TestFloatTypeParser(TestCase):
             "multipleOf": 0.5,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_float_parser_with_default_invalid_maximum(self):
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ class TestFloatTypeParser(TestCase):
             "multipleOf": 0.5,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_float_parser_with_default_invalid_minimum(self):
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ class TestFloatTypeParser(TestCase):
             "multipleOf": 0.5,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_float_parser_with_default_invalid_exclusive_maximum(self):
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ class TestFloatTypeParser(TestCase):
             "multipleOf": 0.5,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_float_parser_with_default_invalid_exclusive_minimum(self):
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ class TestFloatTypeParser(TestCase):
             "multipleOf": 0.5,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_float_parser_with_default_invalid_multiple(self):
@@ -131,5 +132,5 @@ class TestFloatTypeParser(TestCase):
             "multipleOf": 2.0,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)

tests/parser/test_int_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser import IntTypeParser
 
 from unittest import TestCase
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ class TestIntTypeParser(TestCase):
             "multipleOf": 2,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_int_parser_with_default_invalid_maximum(self):
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ class TestIntTypeParser(TestCase):
             "multipleOf": 2,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_int_parser_with_default_invalid_minimum(self):
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ class TestIntTypeParser(TestCase):
             "multipleOf": 2,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_int_parser_with_default_invalid_exclusive_maximum(self):
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ class TestIntTypeParser(TestCase):
             "multipleOf": 2,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_int_parser_with_default_invalid_exclusive_minimum(self):
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ class TestIntTypeParser(TestCase):
             "multipleOf": 2,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_int_parser_with_default_invalid_multipleOf(self):
@@ -131,5 +132,5 @@ class TestIntTypeParser(TestCase):
             "multipleOf": 2,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)

tests/parser/test_oneof_type_parser.py

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 from jambo import SchemaConverter
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser.oneof_type_parser import OneOfTypeParser
 
+from pydantic import ValidationError
+
 from unittest import TestCase
 
 
 class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
     def test_oneof_raises_on_invalid_property(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             OneOfTypeParser().from_properties_impl(
                 "test_field",
                 {
@@ -17,7 +20,18 @@ class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
                 ref_cache={},
             )
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
+            OneOfTypeParser().from_properties_impl(
+                "test_field",
+                {
+                    "oneOf": [],  # should throw because oneOf must be a list with at least one item
+                },
+                required=True,
+                context={},
+                ref_cache={},
+            )
+
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             SchemaConverter.build(
                 {
                     "title": "Test",
@@ -71,13 +85,13 @@ class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
 
         Model = SchemaConverter.build(schema)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(id=-5)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(id="invalid")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(id=123.45)
 
     def test_oneof_with_conflicting_schemas(self):
@@ -103,11 +117,11 @@ class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
         obj2 = Model(data=9)
         self.assertEqual(obj2.data, 9)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as cm:
             Model(data=6)
         self.assertIn("matches multiple oneOf schemas", str(cm.exception))
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(data=5)
 
     def test_oneof_with_objects(self):
@@ -147,7 +161,7 @@ class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
         obj2 = Model(contact_info={"phone": "123-456-7890"})
         self.assertEqual(obj2.contact_info.phone, "123-456-7890")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(contact_info={"email": "user@example.com", "phone": "123-456-7890"})
 
     def test_oneof_with_discriminator_basic(self):
@@ -190,14 +204,14 @@ class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(dog.pet.type, "dog")
         self.assertEqual(dog.pet.barks, False)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(pet={"type": "cat", "barks": True})
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(pet={"type": "bird", "flies": True})
 
     def test_oneof_with_invalid_types(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             SchemaConverter.build(
                 {
                     "title": "Pet",
@@ -301,13 +315,13 @@ class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
 
         Model = SchemaConverter.build(schema)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(shape={"type": "triangle", "base": 5, "height": 3})
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(shape={"type": "circle", "side": 5})
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(shape={"radius": 5})
 
     def test_oneof_missing_properties(self):
@@ -324,7 +338,7 @@ class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             },
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             SchemaConverter.build(schema)
 
     def test_oneof_invalid_properties(self):
@@ -336,7 +350,7 @@ class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             },
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             SchemaConverter.build(schema)
 
     def test_oneof_with_default_value(self):
@@ -373,12 +387,12 @@ class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
             },
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             SchemaConverter.build(schema)
 
     def test_oneof_discriminator_without_property_name(self):
         # Should throw because the spec determines propertyName is required for discriminator
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             SchemaConverter.build(
                 {
                     "title": "Test",
@@ -409,7 +423,7 @@ class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
 
     def test_oneof_discriminator_with_invalid_discriminator(self):
         # Should throw because a valid discriminator is required
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             SchemaConverter.build(
                 {
                     "title": "Test",
@@ -465,8 +479,9 @@ class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(obj2.value, "very long string")
 
         # Invalid: Medium string (matches BOTH schemas - violates oneOf)
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as cm:
             Model(value="hello")  # 5 chars: matches maxLength=6 AND minLength=4
+
         self.assertIn("matches multiple oneOf schemas", str(cm.exception))
 
     def test_oneof_shapes_discriminator_from_docs(self):
@@ -515,5 +530,5 @@ class TestOneOfTypeParser(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(rectangle.shape.height, 20)
 
         # Invalid: Wrong properties for the type
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(shape={"type": "circle", "width": 10})

tests/parser/test_ref_type_parser.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InternalAssertionException, InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser import ObjectTypeParser, RefTypeParser
 
+from pydantic import ValidationError
+
 from typing import ForwardRef
 from unittest import TestCase
 
@@ -16,7 +19,7 @@ class TestRefTypeParser(TestCase):
             "required": ["name", "age"],
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             RefTypeParser().from_properties(
                 "person",
                 properties,
@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ class TestRefTypeParser(TestCase):
             },
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InternalAssertionException):
             RefTypeParser().from_properties(
                 "person",
                 properties,
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ class TestRefTypeParser(TestCase):
             },
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InternalAssertionException):
             RefTypeParser().from_properties(
                 "person",
                 properties,
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ class TestRefTypeParser(TestCase):
             "$ref": "https://example.com/schemas/person.json",
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             RefTypeParser().from_properties(
                 "person",
                 properties,
@@ -110,7 +113,7 @@ class TestRefTypeParser(TestCase):
             },
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             ObjectTypeParser().from_properties(
                 "person",
                 properties,
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@ class TestRefTypeParser(TestCase):
             "$defs": {},
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             RefTypeParser().from_properties(
                 "person",
                 properties,
@@ -142,7 +145,7 @@ class TestRefTypeParser(TestCase):
             "$defs": {"person": None},
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             RefTypeParser().from_properties(
                 "person",
                 properties,
@@ -232,7 +235,7 @@ class TestRefTypeParser(TestCase):
             "required": ["name", "age"],
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             ObjectTypeParser().from_properties(
                 "person",
                 properties,
@@ -264,7 +267,7 @@ class TestRefTypeParser(TestCase):
         )
 
         # checks if when created via FowardRef the model is validated correctly.
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(
                 name="John",
                 age=30,
@@ -421,7 +424,7 @@ class TestRefTypeParser(TestCase):
             },
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             ref_strategy, ref_name, ref_property = RefTypeParser()._parse_from_strategy(
                 "invalid_strategy",
                 "person",

tests/parser/test_string_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser import StringTypeParser
 
 from pydantic import AnyUrl, EmailStr
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ class TestStringTypeParser(TestCase):
             "minLength": 5,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_string_parser_with_default_invalid_maxlength(self):
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ class TestStringTypeParser(TestCase):
             "minLength": 1,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_string_parser_with_default_invalid_minlength(self):
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ class TestStringTypeParser(TestCase):
             "minLength": 2,
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
     def test_string_parser_with_email_format(self):
@@ -183,11 +184,12 @@ class TestStringTypeParser(TestCase):
             "format": "unsupported-format",
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException) as context:
             parser.from_properties("placeholder", properties)
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            str(context.exception), "Unsupported string format: unsupported-format"
+            str(context.exception),
+            "Invalid JSON Schema: Unsupported string format: unsupported-format (invalid field: format)",
         )
 
     def test_string_parser_with_date_format(self):

tests/parser/test_type_parser.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException
 from jambo.parser import StringTypeParser
 from jambo.parser._type_parser import GenericTypeParser
 
@@ -17,5 +18,5 @@ class TestGenericTypeParser(TestCase):
         StringTypeParser.json_schema_type = "type:string"
 
     def test_get_impl_invalid_type(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
-            GenericTypeParser._get_impl({"type": "invalid_type"})
+            GenericTypeParser._get_impl({"type": "invalid_type"})

tests/test_schema_converter.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from jambo import SchemaConverter
+from jambo.exceptions import InvalidSchemaException, UnsupportedSchemaException
 
-from pydantic import AnyUrl, BaseModel
+from pydantic import AnyUrl, BaseModel, ValidationError
 
 from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address
 from unittest import TestCase
@@ -23,7 +24,21 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             },
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
+            SchemaConverter.build(schema)
+
+    def test_invalid_schema_type(self):
+        schema = {
+            "title": 1,
+            "description": "A person",
+            "type": 1,
+            "properties": {
+                "name": {"type": "string"},
+                "age": {"type": "integer"},
+            },
+        }
+
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             SchemaConverter.build(schema)
 
     def test_build_expects_title(self):
@@ -36,7 +51,7 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             },
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             SchemaConverter.build(schema)
 
     def test_build_expects_object(self):
@@ -46,7 +61,7 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             "type": "string",
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+        with self.assertRaises(UnsupportedSchemaException):
             SchemaConverter.build(schema)
 
     def test_is_invalid_field(self):
@@ -62,7 +77,7 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             # 'required': ['name', 'age', 'is_active', 'friends', 'address'],
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException) as context:
             SchemaConverter.build(schema)
             self.assertTrue("Unknown type" in str(context.exception))
 
@@ -103,16 +118,16 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(model(name="John", age=30).name, "John")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(name=123, age=30, email="teste@hideyoshi.com")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(name="John Invalid", age=45, email="teste@hideyoshi.com")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(name="", age=45, email="teste@hideyoshi.com")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(name="John", age=45, email="hideyoshi.com")
 
     def test_validation_integer(self):
@@ -134,10 +149,10 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(model(age=30).age, 30)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(age=-1)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(age=121)
 
     def test_validation_float(self):
@@ -159,10 +174,10 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(model(age=30).age, 30.0)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(age=-1.0)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(age=121.0)
 
     def test_validation_boolean(self):
@@ -205,10 +220,10 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             model(friends=["John", "Jane", "John"]).friends, {"John", "Jane"}
         )
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(friends=[])
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(friends=["John", "Jane", "Invalid"])
 
     def test_validation_list_with_missing_items(self):
@@ -248,7 +263,7 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             }
         )
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model()
 
     def test_validation_object(self):
@@ -276,7 +291,7 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(obj.address.street, "123 Main St")
         self.assertEqual(obj.address.city, "Springfield")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model()
 
     def test_default_for_string(self):
@@ -315,7 +330,7 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             "required": ["name"],
         }
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             SchemaConverter.build(schema_max_length)
 
     def test_default_for_list(self):
@@ -407,10 +422,10 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(obj.name, "J")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(name="John Invalid")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(name="")
 
     def test_any_of(self):
@@ -436,13 +451,13 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
         obj = Model(id="12345678901")
         self.assertEqual(obj.id, "12345678901")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(id="")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(id="12345678901234567890")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(id=11)
 
     def test_string_format_email(self):
@@ -451,9 +466,11 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             "type": "object",
             "properties": {"email": {"type": "string", "format": "email"}},
         }
+
         model = SchemaConverter.build(schema)
         self.assertEqual(model(email="test@example.com").email, "test@example.com")
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(email="invalid-email")
 
     def test_string_format_uri(self):
@@ -462,11 +479,13 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             "type": "object",
             "properties": {"website": {"type": "string", "format": "uri"}},
         }
+
         model = SchemaConverter.build(schema)
         self.assertEqual(
             model(website="https://example.com").website, AnyUrl("https://example.com")
         )
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(website="invalid-uri")
 
     def test_string_format_ipv4(self):
@@ -475,9 +494,11 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             "type": "object",
             "properties": {"ip": {"type": "string", "format": "ipv4"}},
         }
+
         model = SchemaConverter.build(schema)
         self.assertEqual(model(ip="192.168.1.1").ip, IPv4Address("192.168.1.1"))
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(ip="256.256.256.256")
 
     def test_string_format_ipv6(self):
@@ -486,12 +507,14 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             "type": "object",
             "properties": {"ip": {"type": "string", "format": "ipv6"}},
         }
+
         model = SchemaConverter.build(schema)
         self.assertEqual(
             model(ip="2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334").ip,
             IPv6Address("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334"),
         )
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(ip="invalid-ipv6")
 
     def test_string_format_uuid(self):
@@ -500,6 +523,7 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             "type": "object",
             "properties": {"id": {"type": "string", "format": "uuid"}},
         }
+
         model = SchemaConverter.build(schema)
 
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -507,7 +531,7 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             UUID("123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000"),
         )
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(id="invalid-uuid")
 
     def test_string_format_hostname(self):
@@ -516,9 +540,11 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             "type": "object",
             "properties": {"hostname": {"type": "string", "format": "hostname"}},
         }
+
         model = SchemaConverter.build(schema)
         self.assertEqual(model(hostname="example.com").hostname, "example.com")
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(hostname="invalid..hostname")
 
     def test_string_format_datetime(self):
@@ -527,12 +553,14 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             "type": "object",
             "properties": {"timestamp": {"type": "string", "format": "date-time"}},
         }
+
         model = SchemaConverter.build(schema)
         self.assertEqual(
             model(timestamp="2024-01-01T12:00:00Z").timestamp.isoformat(),
             "2024-01-01T12:00:00+00:00",
         )
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(timestamp="invalid-datetime")
 
     def test_string_format_time(self):
@@ -541,11 +569,13 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             "type": "object",
             "properties": {"time": {"type": "string", "format": "time"}},
         }
+
         model = SchemaConverter.build(schema)
         self.assertEqual(
             model(time="20:20:39+00:00").time.isoformat(), "20:20:39+00:00"
         )
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             model(time="25:00:00")
 
     def test_string_format_unsupported(self):
@@ -554,7 +584,8 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
             "type": "object",
             "properties": {"field": {"type": "string", "format": "unsupported"}},
         }
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidSchemaException):
             SchemaConverter.build(schema)
 
     def test_ref_with_root_ref(self):
@@ -712,10 +743,10 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
         obj = Model()
         self.assertEqual(obj.name, "United States of America")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             obj.name = "Canada"
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(name="Canada")
 
     def test_const_type_parser_with_non_hashable_value(self):
@@ -735,10 +766,10 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
         obj = Model()
         self.assertEqual(obj.name, ["Brazil"])
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             obj.name = ["Argentina"]
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(name=["Argentina"])
 
     def test_null_type_parser(self):
@@ -758,5 +789,5 @@ class TestSchemaConverter(TestCase):
         obj = Model(a_thing=None)
         self.assertIsNone(obj.a_thing)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
             Model(a_thing="not none")

uv.lock

@@ -326,6 +326,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [package.dev-dependencies]
 dev = [
     { name = "coverage" },
+    { name = "mypy" },
     { name = "poethepoet" },
     { name = "pre-commit" },
     { name = "ruff" },
@@ -333,6 +334,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "sphinx", version = "8.2.3", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "sphinx-autobuild" },
     { name = "sphinx-rtd-theme" },
+    { name = "types-jsonschema" },
 ]
 
 [package.metadata]
@@ -345,12 +347,14 @@ requires-dist = [
 [package.metadata.requires-dev]
 dev = [
     { name = "coverage", specifier = ">=7.8.0" },
+    { name = "mypy", specifier = ">=1.18.1" },
     { name = "poethepoet", specifier = ">=0.33.1" },
     { name = "pre-commit", specifier = ">=4.2.0" },
     { name = "ruff", specifier = ">=0.11.4" },
     { name = "sphinx", specifier = ">=8.1.3" },
     { name = "sphinx-autobuild", specifier = ">=2024.10.3" },
     { name = "sphinx-rtd-theme", specifier = ">=3.0.2" },
+    { name = "types-jsonschema", specifier = ">=4.25.1.20250822" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -450,6 +454,60 @@ wheels = [
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 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "mypy"
+version = "1.18.1"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "mypy-extensions" },
+    { name = "pathspec" },
+    { name = "tomli", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
+    { name = "typing-extensions" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/14/a3/931e09fc02d7ba96da65266884da4e4a8806adcdb8a57faaacc6edf1d538/mypy-1.18.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9e988c64ad3ac5987f43f5154f884747faf62141b7f842e87465b45299eea5a9", size = 3448447, upload-time = "2025-09-11T23:00:47.067Z" }
+wheels = [
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+
+[[package]]
+name = "mypy-extensions"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
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+
 [[package]]
 name = "nodeenv"
 version = "1.9.1"
@@ -477,6 +535,15 @@ wheels = [
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+[[package]]
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